The Storm Within: Anxiety, Depression, and Spiritual Help-Seeking among Indonesian Maritime Cadets in the Shadow of Post-Pandemic Seafarer Mental Health Crises

Badai di Dalam Diri: Kecemasan, Depresi, dan Upaya Mencari Bantuan Spiritual di Kalangan Kadet Maritim Indonesia di Tengah Krisis Kesehatan Mental Awak Kapal Pasca-Pandemi

  • Nathanael Suranta Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta, North Jakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-8762
  • Renta Novaliana Siahaan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta, North Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: anxiety, depression, help-seeking, spiritual coping, maritime cadets

Abstract

Kesehatan mental pelaut telah menjadi prioritas global sejak pandemi COVID-19, namun pertanyaan hulu mengenai bagaimana calon perwira belajar mencari bantuan untuk mengatasi distres psikologis selama masa pembentukan mereka masih kurang mendapat perhatian penelitian. Studi eksploratif dengan metode campuran (mixed-methods) ini mengkaji tingkat gejala kecemasan dan depresi serta jalur pencarian bantuan pada tiga puluh taruna Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran (STIP) Jakarta, yang dipilih secara seimbang dari program studi Nautika, Teknika, serta Ketatalaksanaan Angkutan Laut dan Kepelabuhanan, bersama lima dosen, tiga pelaut senior, dan dua syahbandar senior. Data kuantitatif dikumpulkan menggunakan GAD-7 dan PHQ-9, dua instrumen skrining yang telah tervalidasi secara luas dan tersedia secara bebas, yang diberikan bersamaan dengan butir-butir mengenai frekuensi koping spiritual dan riwayat perilaku pencarian bantuan; data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Mengingat ukuran sampel yang kecil, temuan kuantitatif disajikan secara deskriptif dan bukan diuji melalui statistik inferensial, sehingga harus dibaca sebagai temuan eksploratif dan bukan sebagai estimasi prevalensi yang representatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar taruna melaporkan gejala pada tingkat minimal hingga ringan, meskipun sebagian kecil yang cukup berarti melaporkan distres pada tingkat sedang atau cenderung berat; bahwa koping spiritual, khususnya doa dan pembacaan Kitab Suci, merupakan respons pertama terhadap distres yang paling sering dilaporkan, sementara dukungan kesehatan mental profesional merupakan respons yang paling jarang dilaporkan; dan bahwa hubungan antara koping spiritual dan pencarian bantuan profesional tampak mengikuti tiga pola - komplementer, substitutif, dan tertunda - yang disajikan di sini sebagai tipologi yang bersifat menghasilkan hipotesis, bukan sebagai klasifikasi yang telah dikonfirmasi secara statistik. Dosen yang dipercaya oleh taruna muncul sebagai jembatan yang dihargai, meskipun tidak sepenuhnya tanpa perdebatan, antara koping spiritual dan dukungan profesional. Penelitian ini juga mendokumentasikan adanya bentuk-bentuk koping spiritual yang negatif, serta mengakui bahwa sampel penelitian yang didominasi partisipan Kristen membatasi keberlakuan temuan ini terhadap keberagaman keagamaan Indonesia yang lebih luas. Penelitian ini menawarkan bukti awal yang bersifat eksploratif serta arah-arah spesifik untuk penelitian konfirmatif yang relevan bagi penyediaan kesejahteraan (welfare) maritim.

 

Seafarer mental health has become a global priority following the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the upstream question of how future officers learn to seek help for psychological distress during their formation years remains underexplored. This exploratory mixed-methods study examined anxiety and depressive symptom levels and help-seeking pathways among thirty cadets at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran (STIP) Jakarta, drawn equally from the nautical, engineering, and port and shipping management majors, together with five lecturers, three veteran seafarers, and two veteran port masters. Quantitative data were collected using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9, two widely validated and freely available screening instruments, administered alongside items on spiritual coping frequency and prior help-seeking behaviour; qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Given the small sample size, quantitative findings are presented descriptively rather than subjected to inferential statistical testing and should be read as exploratory rather than as representative prevalence estimates. The findings suggest that most cadets report minimal to mild symptoms, although a notable minority report moderate or moderately severe distress; that spiritual coping, particularly prayer and Scripture reading, is the most frequently described first response to distress, while professional mental health support is the least frequently described; and that the relationship between spiritual coping and professional help-seeking appears to follow three patterns - complementary, substitutive, and delayed - offered here as a hypothesis-generating typology rather than a statistically confirmed classification. Trusted lecturers emerge as a valued, though not uncontested, bridge between spiritual coping and professional support. The study also documents instances of negative spiritual coping and acknowledges that its predominantly Christian sample limits the applicability of its findings to Indonesia's broader religious diversity. The study offers exploratory evidence and specific directions for confirmatory research relevant to maritime welfare provision.

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Published
2026-04-30
How to Cite
Suranta, N., & Siahaan, R. N. (2026). The Storm Within: Anxiety, Depression, and Spiritual Help-Seeking among Indonesian Maritime Cadets in the Shadow of Post-Pandemic Seafarer Mental Health Crises: Badai di Dalam Diri: Kecemasan, Depresi, dan Upaya Mencari Bantuan Spiritual di Kalangan Kadet Maritim Indonesia di Tengah Krisis Kesehatan Mental Awak Kapal Pasca-Pandemi. SERVIRE: Journal of Research and Service, 6(1), 101-130. https://doi.org/10.46362/servire.v6i1.458