Three Decks, One Spirit: A Comparative Study of Mental Health, Spiritual Coping, and Wellbeing across Nautical, Engineering, and Port-Shipping Management Cadets
Tiga Geladak, Satu Semangat: Studi Komparatif tentang Kesehatan Mental, Koping Spiritual, dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Taruna Nautika, Teknika, dan Ketatalaksanaan Angkutan Laut dan Kepelabuhanan
Abstract
Pendidikan maritim sering kali berlangsung dengan asumsi bahwa taruna yang dipersiapkan untuk karier di bidang nautika, teknika, serta ketatalaksanaan angkutan laut dan kepelabuhanan merupakan satu kelompok profesi yang homogen, meskipun ketiga program studi tersebut sesungguhnya mengarahkan mahasiswa pada jalur karier yang sangat berbeda. Studi eksploratif dengan dominasi pendekatan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menelaah apakah kesehatan mental, koping spiritual, dan kesejahteraan psikologis menunjukkan pola perbedaan tertentu di antara ketiga subdisiplin tersebut pada taruna Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran (STIP) Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain yang mengombinasikan wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan diskusi kelompok terarah, yang dilengkapi dengan penilaian diri numerik sederhana yang digunakan secara deskriptif dan bukan sebagai komponen kuantitatif yang memiliki kekuatan statistik. Partisipan penelitian terdiri atas tiga puluh taruna yang dipilih secara seimbang dari tiga program studi, lima dosen, tiga pelaut senior, dan dua syahbandar senior. Data dianalisis melalui analisis tematik, perbandingan antar kelompok, dan sintesis naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun tingkat stres dan kesejahteraan yang dinilai sendiri secara umum relatif serupa di antara ketiga kelompok, para taruna menggambarkan adanya perbedaan penekanan dalam jenis stresor yang mereka alami, praktik koping spiritual yang mereka gunakan, serta dimensi kesejahteraan yang mereka kaitkan dengan kehidupan yang berkembang secara optimal (flourishing). Temuan-temuan ini disajikan sebagai indikasi awal yang bersifat eksploratif, bukan sebagai bukti pasti mengenai pengaruh bidang studi atau profesi tertentu, karena desain penelitian yang bersifat cross-sectional dan hanya dilakukan pada satu institusi tidak dapat menyingkirkan kemungkinan adanya faktor-faktor lain, seperti kecenderungan pemilihan program studi oleh mahasiswa maupun faktor institusional lainnya yang dapat memengaruhi hasil penelitian.
Maritime education has often proceeded as though cadets preparing for nautical, engineering, and port and shipping management careers constitute a single occupational population, despite the substantially different career trajectories these three programmes prepare students for. This exploratory qualitative-dominant study examines whether mental health, spiritual coping, and psychological wellbeing differ in patterned ways across these three sub-disciplines among cadets at Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran (STIP) Jakarta. The design combines semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, supplemented by simple numerical self-ratings used descriptively rather than as a statistically powered quantitative component, with thirty cadets drawn equally from the three majors, five lecturers, three veteran seafarers, and two veteran port masters. Data were analysed through thematic analysis, cross-group comparison, and narrative synthesis. The findings suggest that while overall self-rated stress and wellbeing levels are broadly similar across the three groups, cadets describe somewhat different emphases in the stressors they report, the spiritual coping practices they draw upon, and the dimensions of wellbeing they associate with flourishing. These patterns are presented as suggestive and exploratory rather than as demonstrated occupational effects, since the cross-sectional, single-institution design cannot rule out self-selection into majors or other confounding institutional factors as alternative explanations.
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